- Lummi Indians - June 9th [of 1853]. Accompanied by Goliah, I visited the mouth of the Lummi, where the headquarters of the Lummi band is supposed to be. We had our little canoe, and, the wind rising, we became quite wet, so that we decided to get out and walk. At the first mouth I found a settler named Hedge. He was living in a house of mats, like the Indians. He had an Indian wife with him and a white wife in the States. He had a great deal to tell me, most of which I do not believe. He boasts of his claim and praises the richness of the valley, which, however, he has not explored. He claims to have a great control over the Indians, and tells me that Chowitzan, chief of the Lummis, having heard of my coming and fearing that I might be after him, had gone to Victoria.21
- Discover the Bruce Vento Nature Sanctuary (saintpaulhistorical.com)
A thousand years ago the area around the confluence of Trout Brook and Phalen Brook near the Mississippi River was a marshy flood plain. By the early 1900s, the entire delta had been expanded by filling and became an industrial railroad corridor. As rail use decreased in the 1970s, the land was largely abandoned and buildings and tracks were removed.
- Bruce Vento Nature Sanctuary (Wikipedia)
The Bruce Vento Nature Sanctuary is a city park in the Mississippi River corridor in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Just east of the city’s downtown district, the sanctuary includes towering limestone and sandstone bluffs that date back more than 450 million years, spring-fed wetlands, abundant bird life, and dramatic views of the downtown Saint Paul skyline and Mississippi River. The park was opened to the public on May 21, 2005, and was named after its early supporter U.S. Representative Bruce Vento.
