- Uruk, today known as Warka, was a city in the ancient Near East situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates River on the dried-up ancient channel of the Euphrates. The site lies 93 kilometers (58 miles) northwest of ancient Ur, 108 kilometers (67 miles) southeast of ancient Nippur, and 24 kilometers (15 miles) southeast of ancient Larsa. It is 30 km (19 mi) east of modern Samawah, Al-Muthannฤ, Iraq.
- Ur (Wikipedia)
Ur (/สษr/; Sumerian: ๐ถ๐ , ๐๐๐ , or ๐๐๐ Urim; Akkadian: ๐๐๐ Uru; Arabic: ุฃูููุฑ, romanized: สพลซr; Hebrew: ืืึผืจโ) was an important Sumerian city-state in ancient Mesopotamia, located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar (Arabic: ุชู ูฑููู
ููููููุฑ) in south Iraq’s Dhi Qar Governorate. Although Ur was once a coastal city near the mouth of the Euphrates on the Persian Gulf, the coastline has shifted and the city is now well inland, on the south bank of the Euphrates, 16 km (10 mi) from Nasiriyah in modern-day Iraq. The city dates from the Ubaid period circa 3800 BC, and is recorded in written history as a city-state from the 26th century BC, its first recorded king being Mesannepada.
- Epic of Gilgamesh (Wikipedia)
The Epic of Gilgamesh (/หษกษชlษกษmษส/) is an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia. The literary history of Gilgamesh begins with five Sumerian poems about Bilgamesh (Sumerian for “Gilgamesh”), king of Uruk, dating from the Third Dynasty of Ur (c.โ2100 BC). These independent stories were later used as source material for a combined epic in Akkadian. The first surviving version of this combined epic, known as the “Old Babylonian” version, dates back to the 18th century BC and is titled after its incipit, Shลซtur eli sharrฤซ (“Surpassing All Other Kings”). Only a few tablets of it have survived. The later Standard Babylonian version compiled by Sรฎn-lฤqi-unninni dates from the 13th to the 10th centuries BC and bears the incipit Sha naqba ฤซmuru (“He who Saw the Abyss”, lit.โ‘“He who Sees the Unknown”’). Approximately two-thirds of this longer, twelve-tablet version have been recovered. Some of the best copies were discovered in the library ruins of the 7th-century BC Assyrian king Ashurbanipal.
- Ur (Wikipedia)
Ur (/สษr/; Sumerian: ๐ถ๐ , ๐๐๐ , or ๐๐๐ Urim; Akkadian: ๐๐๐ Uru; Arabic: ุฃูููุฑ, romanized: สพลซr; Hebrew: ืืึผืจโ) was an important Sumerian city-state in ancient Mesopotamia, located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar (Arabic: ุชู ูฑููู
ููููููุฑ) in south Iraq’s Dhi Qar Governorate. Although Ur was once a coastal city near the mouth of the Euphrates on the Persian Gulf, the coastline has shifted and the city is now well inland, on the south bank of the Euphrates, 16 km (10 mi) from Nasiriyah in modern-day Iraq. The city dates from the Ubaid period circa 3800 BC, and is recorded in written history as a city-state from the 26th century BC, its first recorded king being Mesannepada.