Intel 8080

assembly language programming manual

8080/8085 Assembly Language Programming Manual (bitsavers.org) Almost every line of source coding in an assembly language ~ource program translates directly into a machine instruction for a pdrticular processor. Therefore, the assembly language programmer must be familiar with both the assembly language and the processor for which he is programming.

My collection of Intel 8080 microprocessors (demin.ws) I started programming twenty year ago coding in machine codes for Intel 8080. This microprocessor was my lucky pass to the fascinating world of bits and bytes. Years later developing various emulators of i8080 and tackling with undocumented and partially documented features of this processor I decided to collect real chips from different manufacturers and examine them using the 8080 CPU Exerciser.

Tracing the roots of the 8086 instruction set to the Datapoint 2200 minicomputer (righto.com) The Intel 8086 processor started the x86 architecture that is still extensively used today. The 8086 has some quirky characteristics: it is little-endian, has a parity flag, and uses explicit I/O instructions instead of just memory-mapped I/O. It has four 16-bit registers that can be split into 8-bit registers, but only one that can be used for memory indexing. Surprisingly, the reason for these characteristics and more is compatibility with a computer dating back before the creation of the microprocessor: the Datapoint 2200, a minicomputer with a processor built out of TTL chips. In this blog post, I’ll look in detail at how the Datapoint 2200 led to the architecture of Intel’s modern processors, step by step through the 8008, 8080, and 8086 processors.

Oral History Panel on the Development and Promotion of the Intel 8008 Microprocessor (archive.computerhistory.org) Stan, tell us how the 8008 began.
PL/M-80 Programming Manual (bitsavers.org) A PL/M program is a sequence of PL/M statements. The PL/M-80 Compiler accepts the statements as input and produces a machine-code program module as output. As will be seen in the remainder of this chapter, a PL/M statement may be translated by the compiler into a single 8080 instruction, or a sequence of instructions, or none at all–it may cause the compiler to allocate storage, for example, instead of producing any machine instructions.

The true light that gives light to everyone was coming into the world. John 1:9 NIV

Intel 8080 (Wikipedia) The Intel 8080 ("eighty-eighty") is the second 8-bit microprocessor designed and manufactured by Intel. It first appeared in April 1974 and is an extended and enhanced variant of the earlier 8008 design, although without binary compatibility. The initial specified clock rate or frequency limit was 2 MHz, with common instructions using 4, 5, 7, 10, or 11 cycles. As a result, the processor is able to execute several hundred thousand instructions per second. Two faster variants, the 8080A-1 (sometimes referred to as the 8080B) and 8080A-2, became available later with clock frequency limits of 3.125 MHz and 2.63 MHz respectively. The 8080 needs two support chips to function in most applications: the i8224 clock generator/driver and the i8228 bus controller. It is implemented in N-type metal–oxide–semiconductor logic (NMOS) using non-saturated enhancement mode transistors as loads thus demanding a +12 V and a −5 V voltage in addition to the main transistor–transistor logic (TTL) compatible +5 V.