- Steam engine (Wikipedia)
A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force can be transformed by a connecting rod and crank into rotational force for work. The term “steam engine” is most commonly applied to reciprocating engines as just described, although some authorities have also referred to the steam turbine and devices such as Hero’s aeolipile as “steam engines”. The essential feature of steam engines is that they are external combustion engines, where the working fluid is separated from the combustion products. The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle. In general usage, the term steam engine can refer to either complete steam plants (including boilers etc.), such as railway steam locomotives and portable engines, or may refer to the piston or turbine machinery alone, as in the beam engine and stationary steam engine.
- Joan of Arc (Wikipedia)
Joan of Arc (French: Jeanne d’Arc; Middle French: Jehanne Darc ; c. 1412 – 30 May 1431) is a patron saint of France, honored as a defender of the French nation for her role in the siege of Orléans and her insistence on the coronation of Charles VII of France during the Hundred Years’ War. Stating that she acted under divine guidance, she became a military leader who gained recognition as a savior of France.
- Joan of Arc (Wikiquote)
Jehanne Darc also known as Jeanne d’Arc (Joan of Arc) (c. 1412 – 30 May 1431) was a religious visionary, martyr, saint and heroine of France. Burned at the stake as a heretic after sentencing by a tribunal of pro-English clergy, she was later cleared of the charges during an appellate trial of the Inquisition on 7 July 1456, and canonized as a saint of the Catholic Church on 16 May 1920.
